Textile Products Research Articles

Investigation of the presence and enzymatic activity of fungi in stored corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] grains

Soy [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] and corn (Zea mays L.) are important crops in Brazilian agribusiness. When stored improperly, these grains are susceptible to insects and microorganisms. Among the microorganisms capable of causing grain deterioration, fungi stand out. Despite the harm associated with fungi, they are biotechnologically appreciable due to their potential ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes, such as cellulases and proteases. Fungal hydrolytic enzymes have been applied in various processes in the food, textile, and detergent production industries, among others. The objective of this study was to verify the presence of fungi in samples of corn and soybean grains under storage conditions and characterize them regarding the production of cellulolytic and proteolytic enzymes. Among the results, there was a greater quantity and variety of filamentous fungi (35 morphotypes) in association with the grains evaluated, than of yeasts (three morphotypes). Representatives of the genera Aspergillus spp., Curvularia sp., and Penicillium spp. were detected, corroborating previous reports in the literature. Filamentous fungi that tested positive for cellulase production had an enzyme ratio index (ERI) varying between 1.06 and 2.57 (mean ± standard deviation = 1.37 ± 0.48), while for proteolytic activity, only the fungi isolated from soybean tested positive, with ERI (mean ± standard deviation) = 1.21 ± 0.01. Although the taxonomy of the isolates in this study has not been completely elucidated, it is possible to state that these fungi are promising for producing hydrolytic enzymes, with potential for use in the development of products and/or biotechnological processes.

Woven fabric selection and grading for ladies’ winter shawls using multicriteria decision-making approach

Purpose Quality assessment of textile products is of prime concern to intimately meet consumer demands. The dilemma faced by textile producers is to figure out the stability among quality criteria and efficiently deal with target specifications. Hence, the basic devotion is to attain the optimum value product which entirely satisfies the views and perceptions of consumers. Selection of best fabric among several alternatives in the presence of contradictory measures is a disputing problem in multicriteria decision-making. Design/methodology/approach In the current study, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) are proficiently used to solve the problem in selection of branded woven shawls. AHP method verifies comparative weights of the criteria selection, while the ranking of fabric alternatives grounded on specific net-outranking flows is executed through PROMETHEE II method. Findings The collective AHP and PROMETHEE approaches are applied for the useful accomplishment of grading of branded shawls based on multicriteria weights, used for effective selection of fabric materials in the textile market. Practical implications In the apparel industry, fabric and garment manufacturers often rely on hit-and-trial methods, leading to significant wastage of valuable resources and time, in achieving the desirable fabric qualities. The implementation of the findings can assist apparel manufacturers in streamlining their fabric selection processes based on multiple criteria. By adopting this method, industry players can make informed decisions, ensuring a balance between quality standards and consumer expectations, thereby enhancing both product value and market competitiveness. Originality/value The methods of Visual PROMETHEE and AHP are assimilated to offer a complete method for the selection and grading of fabrics with reference to multiple selection criteria.

Microfiber Fragment Pollution: Sources, Toxicity, Strategies, and Technologies for Remediation

With the pervasive consumption (currently >65% of total market shares and steadily increasing) of petroleum-derived synthetic textiles, the escalating concern of microfiber fragment (MF) pollution has emerged as a formidable menace to our ecological equilibrium. Over the lifetime (pre- and post-consumption) of these textiles, they shed tiny fibers recognized as MFs. These MFs are carriers of persistent organic pollutants and have been linked to cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity, even at minimal exposures via air and water sources. Grounded in the state-of-the-art literature, this review discusses the primary and secondary sources of MF release, their fate, transport, environmental impacts, and novel technologies for MF pollutant remediation. Our results infer that MF pollution is a multifactorial issue with serious environmental and public health implications, as studies reported their presence in human blood, feces, and urine samples. We recommend a multifaceted approach to increase sanitation coverage, ensuring adequate wastewater treatment prior to environmental discharge for MF pollution mitigation. Additionally, transformation is warranted for consumers’ use, care, and purchase behavior of textile products. Government regulation of fast fashion (a major user of synthetic textiles), exemplified by recent French legislation, is essential to preventing microfiber pollution. We urge similar policy-making efforts globally to safeguard public health.

Evaluation and optimization of textile ultrasonic welds for textile temperature control elements using transient thermal numerical analysis

Ultrasonic welding is an efficient method of joining thermoplastic fabrics or other textile semi-finished products in a watertight manner. It is applied in the making of functional clothing, such as chemical protective clothing, sportswear or smart clothing, or other technical products. Another special field of application developed at the Chair of Development and Assembly of Textile Products is the use of coated textiles as temperature control elements. For this type of product, it is necessary to design the ultrasonic welds in such a way that the media-tight coating is not damaged and the joint is continuous. This paper presents the option of evaluating and optimizing the ultrasonic welding process for the production of the textile tempering systems using transient thermal analysis in order to improve the overall quality of the seam and ensure media tightness along the seam.
 In the following article, the status of the welding process, in particular the ultrasonic process, the textile materials, the heating of the textile and the joining process of welding is presented. In addition, the transient heat flow through the textile is investigated with the aid of FEM methods; taking into account, various seam structures.

Correlation between material properties and actual - simulated drape of textile products

With the rapid advancement of digital technology, virtual fashion was born, signifying a milestone in the history of fashion. However, virtual fashion necessitates the accuracy of virtual garments. Therefore, it is necessary to verify that the software accurately reflects the fabric's properties. To accurately evaluate the software, this study altered a few material parameters and compared the results to the actual measured outputs. The selection of three categories of heavy, medium, and light fabrics for measurement is based on industry standards. Sampling based on physical experiments would require a great deal of time and resources; thus, this study proposes a solution to visualize the fabric properties with few inputs in order to surmount the drawbacks of the actual sampling method. The virtual method is utilized to establish fabric properties on the software and assess the drape of various fabric samples. The drape on CLO3D is determined by formatting the fabric's shadow contour, while the drape coefficient is calculated using ImageJ. This coefficient of drapery will be compared to actuality to determine if the software accurately represents the fabric's properties. The drape of the virtual fabric samples after being tried on the virtual mannequin, will be used to design basic garments. Based on the results, the appearance of the product will be evaluated by wearing fabric samples on the virtual mannequin. Increasing the weight of the fabric altered the skirt's appearance due to the higher coefficient of drapery. The increased drape coefficient made the fabric firmer, and the heaviest fabrics were the most rigid, resulting in a greater skirt spread. In contrast, the lightweight fabric exhibited a low coefficient of drape, resulting in softer products. Heavy fabric creates fewer folds. The folds created by the drape of light and medium fabric samples under the effect of their own weight on the CLO3D software are not as smooth and clear as the real samples.

Textile production by additive manufacturing and textile waste recycling: a review

Textile production by additive manufacturing and textile waste recycling: a review

Fermenting Knits: A material-driven exploration of knit-based bacterial cellulose biocomposite textile materials through fibre reassembly

ABSTRACT Environmental concerns surrounding textile production have increased the need and interest in developing material innovations and interdisciplinary approaches to offset this ecological impact. Bacterial cellulose is present in several industries, and its biologically produced form has shown potential use within fashion. Within the emerging field of biodesign, research surrounding bacterial cellulose textiles generally focuses on the initial sheeted growth, while alternative outputs and working methods remain scarce. Here, fibre reassembly is analysed by fully integrating broken down BC fibres with knitted structures. Material selection and working methods take a practice-led approach to experiment formulation in order to observe material behaviour as central to development. This project aims to create biocomposite textiles that enhance the properties of bacterial cellulose and expand its designable characteristics through low-tech working methods accessible from designerly backgrounds. The results are intended to inform further research in footwear design contexts, as basis to develop BC-based components. Experimentation shows BC fibres reassembled around the knitted structures, varying according to yarn choice and fermenting environment alteration. This demonstrates potential for material and methodology development while exploring co-design with living organisms. In the context of future applications, BC-based composite textiles can self-assemble at different growth stages, offering the possibility of material-driven approaches to spaces intersecting biology and design.

Fabric surface defect classification and systematic analysis using a cuckoo search optimized deep residual network

Fabric defects can significantly impact the quality of a textile product. By analyzing the types and frequencies of defects, manufacturers can identify process inefficiencies, equipment malfunctions, or operator errors. Although deep learning networks are accurate in classification applications, some defects may be subtle and difficult to detect, while others may have complex patterns or occlusions. CNNs may struggle to capture a wide range of defect variations and generalize well to unseen defects. Discriminating between genuine defects and benign variations requires sophisticated feature extraction and modeling techniques. This paper proposes a residual network-based CNN model to enhance the classification of fabric defects. A pretrained residual network, ResNet50, is fine-tuned to classify fabric defects into four categories: holes, objects, oil spots, and thread errors on the fabric surface. The fine-tuned network is further optimized via cuckoo search optimization using classification error as a fitness function. The network is systematically analyzed at different layers, and the investigation of classification results are reported using a confusion matrix and classification accuracy for each class. The experimental results confirm that the proposed model achieved superior performance with 95.36% accuracy and a 95.35% F1 score for multiclass classification. In addition, the proposed model achieved higher accuracy with similar or fewer trainable parameters than traditional deep CNN networks.

Feature comparison residuals for foreign fibre classification model

AbstractVarious types of foreign fibres may be mixed in the planting, transportation, and production processes of cotton, which not only cause equipment to be out of control, but also leads to a decrease in the quality of cotton textile products and economic losses. The machine vision based detection method for cotton foreign fibres is widely used. Based on existing related research, we construct a classification dataset for cotton foreign fibres in practical scenarios, named the CF2113‐10 dataset. The authors design a basic foreign fibre classification network called CottonNet that balances performance and efficiency. The classification accuracy on the validation set reached 94.2%. In order to enhance the high‐level feature extraction ability, this paper improves the feature fusion method of residual networks and proposes CottonNet‐Res, which improves the classification accuracy to 95.1%. Finally, a classification model based on feature difference fitting, CottonNet‐Fusion, is proposed to address the classification problem of foreign fibre images sampled in complex environments. The classification accuracy of foreign fibre images sampled in ordinary scenes has improved to 97.4%, while the images sampled in complex environments maintain an accuracy of 90.3%.

ADVANCEMENTS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY: REVOLUTIONIZING UZBEKISTAN'S TEXTILE INDUSTRY

Nanotechnology has emerged as a pivotal force in revolutionizing various industries, with its application in textiles being particularly noteworthy. Uzbekistan, endowed with a rich textile heritage, has embraced nanotechnology to enhance the quality, functionality, and sustainability of its textile products. This article explores the current state of nanotechnology adoption in Uzbekistan's textile industry, highlighting its key applications, benefits, challenges, and future prospects. Through a comprehensive analysis of ongoing research and development initiatives, Uzbekistan's trajectory in leveraging nanotechnology for textile innovation is elucidated, underscoring its potential to propel the nation's textile sector towards unprecedented heights.

[Examination of Analytical Method for Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate and Bis(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate to Revise the Official Methods Based on "Act on the Control of Household Products Containing Harmful Substances"].

In Japan, the use of frame retardants [tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate: TDBPP and bis(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate: BDBPP] in several household textile products is banned under the "Act on the Control of Household Products Containing Harmful Substances." As the official analytical methods for testing these substances have not been revised for over 42 years, several issues such as the using of harmful reagents, have been pointed out. Therefore, we developed a new method to revise the official method in our previous study. In this study, the validity of the developed test method is evaluated at six laboratories using two types of textile samples spiked with TDBPP and BDBPP at three concentrations (4, 8, and 20 µg/g). TDBPP and BDBPP are extracted under reflux using methanol containing hydrochloric acid. TDBPP is analyzed using GC-MS, and BDBPP is also analyzed using GC-MS after methylation with trimethylsilyl diazomethane. Although the accuracy (70-120%), repeatability (<10%), and reproducibility (<15%) of a few samples, mainly low concentration samples, are out of range, overall, the concentration level of detection limits of TDBPP and BDBPP (8 and 10 µg/g) in official analytical methods are quantifiable with sufficient precision using the proposed method. Furthermore, harmful reagents are not used in this method. Thus, the method validated in this study is effective as a revised method for the testing of TDBPP and BDBPP in household textile products.

Beyond the Himalayan Borderlands : Indian textile production and trade with central Asia during Mughals

Beyond the Himalayan Borderlands : Indian textile production and trade with central Asia during Mughals

TRENDS, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR TEXTILE PRODUCTION IN FUTURE

Demand for textile products is increasing and the adequate supply of textile fibres may become a major problem in coming years because of both changes in world climatic conditions affecting supply of natural fibre sources and because of financial and economic problems. Longer summers and warmer days will support fashion trends for light weight and casual wear. Thus, research on energy saving methods and processes, on fibre modification and structuring of yarns and fabrics will be beneficial.

Evaluation of environmental impacts of cotton polo shirt production in Bangladesh using life cycle assessment

The textile industry is widely considered as one of the most pollutant-releasing sectors globally. As the world is moving toward sustainability, it is essential to thoroughly assess how a textile product affects the environment. The aim of this study is to investigate the environmental impact of textile manufacturing in Bangladesh using life cycle assessment (LCA) method. A cradle-to-gate LCA was conducted to produce 1000 units of cotton polo shirts following ISO 14040 standards. LCA was also conducted for each final product at every manufacturing stage of cotton polo shirt, including the production of 1000 kg of cotton fibers, 1000 kg of yarn, 1000 kg of grey fabrics, 1000 kg of dyed-finished fabrics, and finally, assembling of 1000 pieces of polo shirts. Inventory analysis revealed that for producing 1000 pieces of polo shirts, 0.12 hector of land, 363.89 kg of cotton fiber, 324.84 kg of yarn, 320.45 kg of knitted fabric, and 299.5 kg of dyed-finished fabrics were required. The study also found that 1550.9 kWh of electricity, 15.47 L of diesel, and 72.54 m3 of natural gas were needed to produce 1000 pieces of polo shirts. The potential environmental impacts were categorized into 12 different types based on the CML 2001 method and calculated using openLCA 2.0 software. The outcomes of LCA revealed considerable environmental impacts in different categories during manufacturing of cotton polo shirts in Bangladesh. For example, the global warming potential (GWP) associated with the manufacturing of 1000 pieces of polo shirts was 1345.97 kg CO2-eq. Among several production stages of polo shirts, the highest contributor of GWP was dyeing section (38.36 %), followed by cotton fiber production (29.32 %) and yarn manufacturing (18.92 %). The obtained data also revealed that for cultivating cotton fibers, manufacturing of yarn and grey fabrics, and finally dyeing-finishing of same quantity fabric (1000 kg), the GWP were 1084.41 kg CO2-eq, 783.67 kg CO2-eq, 145.88 kg CO2-eq, 1723.88 kg CO2-eq, 314.94 kg CO2-eq, respectively. The outcome of the impact assessment will be crucial for decision-making when it comes to taking remedial actions to lessen negative environmental consequences for the sustainable development of textile industry in Bangladesh.

Reverse supply chains of non-profit organizations for textile reuse

Purpose Non-profit organizations (NPOs) are exposed to a highly competitive environment in which they are forced to grow their commercial activity to acquire additional financial resources. This study aims to create an understanding of how NPOs involved in textile reuse as a revenue-generating programme manage their reverse supply chains (RSC). Design/methodology/approach The research involves an embedded single-case study of NPOs in Finland involved in post-use textile collection. The main data sources are semi-structured interviews and participant observations. Findings This study is inspired by the microfoundations movement and identifies the underlying microfoundations of the NPOs’ capabilities for managing RSC for textile reuse. The study contributes to the literature by demonstrating NPOs’ lower-level, granular practices and their adaptations for achieving quality outcomes in textile reuse. Research limitations/implications The findings have context sensitivity and apply to the NPOs which operate in a context similar to Finland, such as in other Nordic countries. Practical implications This study continues the discussion on the adoption of “business-like” practices in the NPOs’ pursuit of additional revenue streams to finance humanitarian work. The findings of this study can also be transferred to the growing area of domestic textile circularity. Social implications Using the case of NPOs in textile reuse, the study illustrates how RSC management can serve a social, non-profit cause and transform unwanted textile products into a source of fundraising for humanitarian work. Originality/value This enriches the understanding of NPOs’ practices within the scope of revenue-generating programmes by examining one of them – textile reuse through charity shops from an RSC perspective.

Distributed sensing along fibers for smart clothing.

Textile sensors transform our everyday clothing into a means to track movement and biosignals in a completely unobtrusive way. One major hindrance to the adoption of "smart" clothing is the difficulty encountered with connections and space when scaling up the number of sensors. There is a lack of research addressing a key limitation in wearable electronics: Connections between rigid and textile elements are often unreliable, and they require interfacing sensors in a way incompatible with textile mass production methods. We introduce a prototype garment, compact readout circuit, and algorithm to measure localized strain along multiple regions of a fiber. We use a helical auxetic yarn sensor with tunable sensitivity along its length to selectively respond to strain signals. We demonstrate distributed sensing in clothing, monitoring arm joint angles from a single continuous fiber. Compared to optical motion capture, we achieve around five degrees error in reconstructing shoulder, elbow, and wrist joint angles.

Extraction and Characterization of Dracaena fragrans Leaf Fibre

Textile industries have recently become prevalent environmental pollutants as a result of natural inconsistencies and resource scarcity. As a remedy, using natural fibres for textile production is strongly encouraged. Dracaena fragrans is an Ethiopian plant with lingo-cellulosic fibres that can be used for textile applications. This study focuses on the extraction and characterization of Ethiopian Dracaena fragrans leaf fibre and evaluates its application in the textile industry. For fibre extraction, water, 10% NaOH, 1% H2O2, EDTA di (with 1.5% and 1%, respectively), 0.2% pectinase (presoak), 0.05% alpha-amylase (for 24 hours, 18 hours, and 12 hours retting), and 5% gel retting methods were utilized. Subsequently, the properties of extracted fibre, mainly fibre length, fineness, tenacity, elongation at break, and degree of whiteness, were evaluated. Longer fibres (46 ± 0.74 cm) were obtained by pectinase retting. Comparatively, finer (11.22 ± 0.64 dtex) fibres were obtained by the water retting method. Fibre with the best tenacity (54.51 ± 0.61, 53.54 ± 0.60, and 52.53 ± 0.61) was obtained by EDTA di (1%), 5% gel retting and water retting methods respectively. On the other hand, higher elongation at break (7.28 ± 0.78%) was obtained by 0.05% alpha-amylase retting with a retting time of 24 hours. And finally, the best fibre whiteness (w* = 71) was obtained by 1% H2O2 retting. Long fibres obtained by the pectinase retting method can be used for the production of packaging sacks and hessians. Fibres obtained by the water retting method can be used for the production of linen fabrics such as lace and sheeting. On the other hand, high-tenacity fibres extracted using (1%) EDTA di retting and 5% gel retting methods can be used for the production of cloths, bags, and shoes. Finally, a highly extensible fibre extracted using α-amylase (24 hours retting) can be used for the production of sports clothes.

Naturally colored cotton for wearable applications.

Naturally colored cotton (NCC) offers an environmentally friendly fiber for textile applications. Processing white cotton fiber into textiles requires extensive energy, water, and chemicals, whereas processing of NCC skips the most polluting activity, scouring-bleaching and dyeing; therefore, NCC provides an avenue to minimize the harmful impacts of textile production. NCC varieties are suitable for organic agriculture since they are naturally insect and disease-resistant, salt and drought-tolerant. Various fiber shades, ranging from light green to tan and brown, are available in the cultivated NCC (Gossypium hirsutum L.) species. The pigments responsible for the color of brown cotton fiber are proanthocyanidins or their derivatives synthesized by the flavonoid pathway. Due to pigments, the NCC has excellent ultraviolet protection properties. Some brown cotton varieties exhibited superior thermal resistance of fiber that can be used to make fabrics with enhanced flame retardancy. Here, we review molecular mechanisms involved in the pigment production of brown cotton and challenges in breeding NCC varieties with a wide range of colors but without penalty in fiber quality. Also, we discuss opportunities for NCC with flame-retarding properties in textile applications.

Microplastic pollution calls for urgent investigations in stygobiont habitats: A case study from Classical karst

Microplastic pollution in karst systems is still poorly studied, despite the presence of protected species and habitats, and important water reserves. Vulnerable key species hosted in these habitats could consume or assimilate microplastics, which can irreversibly damage management efforts, and thus ecosystems functionality. This can be particularly true for subterranean water habitats where microplastic pollution effects on wildlife management programs are not considered. The aim of this study is to provide a case study from the Classical Karst Region, which hosts peculiar habitats and key species protected at European level, such as the olm Proteus anguinus. As this area has been deeply exploited and modified over time, and is adjacent to highways, roads and railways, which could contribute to pollution within the karst system, threatening the ecosystems, it provides a perfect model system.In this study we collected and investigated water and sediment samples from aquatic environments of surface and subterranean habitats hosting several subterranean environment-adapted organisms. Examined particles were counted and characterized by size, color and shape via visual identification under a microscope, with and without UV light. Furthermore, spectroscopic analyses were carried out in order to identify microplastics typology. Microplastics were found in all examined habitats. In water, microplastics concentration ranged from 37 to 86 items/L, in sediments from 776 to 2064 items/kg. Fibre-shape was the main present, followed by fragments and beads, suggesting multiple sources of pollution, especially textile products. Most of the particles were fluorescent under UV light and were mainly transparent, while not-fluorescent ones were especially black, blue or brown. Samples contained especially polyesters and copolymers. These results highlight intense MP pollution in karst areas, with significant impacts on water quality, and potential effects on subterranean environment-dwelling species. We stress the importance of monitoring pollution in these critical environments for biodiversity and habitat conservation: monitoring in karst areas must become a priority for habitat and species protection, and water resources management, improving analyses on a larger number of aquatic surface and subterranean habitats.

New Approaches to 3D Non-Crimp Fabric Manufacturing

Textile reinforcements have outstanding load-bearing capabilities due to the excellent tensile properties of high performance multifilament yarns (e.g. carbon fibers). However, in order to take full advantage of their high potential, it is necessary to ensure that the filaments run in a straight line. In order to guarantee this straight filament course, the highly efficient multiaxial warp knitting process is used for the production of 2D non-crimp fabrics (NCF) as textile preforms. In various industrial applications, most structures have complex 3D geometries. Therefore, the 2D textile needs to be shaped for reinforcement, which often results in a rearrangement of the filament orientation. Consequently, the 3D shaping process has to be taken into account during the textile production or in the shaping process itself in order to guarantee the highest mechanical properties. Using the example of lattice girders for concrete reinforcement, a new approach for the fabrication of 3D textile lattice girders in a continous shaping process is presented. The results of the production tests of the developed technology approach show no apparent filament damage and exact roving orientation with no inadvertent deflection, compression or bulging, indicating a precise and gentle shaping process. The developed technology contributes to the future reduction of the production costs of 3D textile reinforcements.